​​A 52-year-old presents to the breast clinic after noticing a lump in her left breast while showering two weeks ago. She reports that the lump has persisted and feels firm but non-tender. She has also noticed some skin dimpling over the lump but denies nipple discharge or pain. She is postmenopausal and has not had any children. Her mother was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 48. She does not smoke and drinks alcohol occasionally. There is no history of hormone replacement therapy use. On examination, there is a 2 cm firm, irregular mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast with associated skin tethering. No nipple changes or discharge are observed. Palpable, mobile axillary lymph nodes are noted on the same side. She is put on medication and later on, she undergoes a mastectomy with axillary clearance to remove the remaining tumour.

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